WPCe h{s%ƠdY@4cY= %Ơd˄$(W`ؐG I(cpa&Rs)D2jG,n=r|Dq!=cnߝ C}[ ԇ5}ETKOIƆ8E>#[=Xq;+O; (∼ :]48 K0Z&!4Ԛ#Xo75N6 ';7 kH._XRg4QTbTld)d;XJm[)ݷc!SȎ0wg@mEJ)a6v E4tܓ)]fHHb%=0o!Qxpd# v1|h`YTHjDwvfރU.Նdfڊz 4zr_mpf>\g KT" 풑t| о1%# );jgbP\U: % 0( 0D' 0Dw@<U0|4 mU6 0d 0R 0L 0X  0XxN( 0N$HNl"B "$"Fh.*Fp.U4 D+ 0J<6X9`+"Courier 10cpiX($ '  _ XXSNMPOverview  1  #XD@X +#(3$ !    )  _.X XXBrianDolanGoecke<(<(S._September1,1999_____#XD@X F#(3$ !  EEE]], nAp`Helve-WPnIڇ3>E03|xU<9p`+Courier New(W«$ @7  A (W$    (WV $   (_7$0   8 (_$0    8www.openview.hp.com(O$www.snmp.com/FAQswww.inforamp.net/~kjvallit/t/snmp.htmlwww.ddri.com/Docwww.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/rfcHwww.ddri.com/Docwww.ddri.com/DocLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5www.simple-times.orgwww.tivoli.comwww.cai.com/unicenter/<9p`+Courier-WP'dxd($55 ppXXXXX&Q@&XX55 ppXXXXX&Q@&XX !  _TRO'3$Letter (Landscape)3''3$Letter (Landscape)3'T X XXX 3G  X X   ` s `  3G   SNMPOverview # 3G  ` ` s#  BrianDolanGoeckeBrian@GoeckeDolan.com_September_Ԁ1,1999  fH  WhatisSNMP?   SNMP(SimpleNetworkManagementProtocol)isastandardprotocolthatwasdevelopedby_ITEF_Ԁtomonitor,configure,andcontroldevicesremotelyoveranetwork.SNMPisactuallyonlytheprotocolusedbythemanagementserverandtheagents,buthascometobeknowasamanagementplatform.Themanagementplatformiscomposedofseveralparts_SMI_,SNMPandMIB.Allofwhicharedefinedintheirownrespective_RFC_Ԁ_documents.___Ԁ_(Over100_RFC_Ԁcurrentlydefinethe_SMI_,SNMPandthe_MIBs_)_     Whatis_SMI_Ԁ_?_   StructureofManagementInformation(_SMI_),originallydefinedin_RFC_Ԁ1065,_rereleased_Ԁwithastatuschangein_RFC_Ԁ1155inMay1990.This_definesSNMPcomponentswith__asubsetofthehighleveldefinitionlanguage_Abstrace_ԀSyntaxNotation1(_ASN_.1__).______Onceitisdefinedin_ASN_.1notationBasicEncodingRules(_BER_)isusedto compilethedefinitionintoaArarchachatececturearchitectureindependantindependent_format.__  d   Whatis_SNMP_   SimpleNetworkManagementProtocol(SNMP)isthedefinitionoftheprotocolthatgoesacrossthe_network.ThisdefineshowtheAgentandtheManagementstationwillcommunicate.Therearedifferentdefinitionsfor_TCP_/_IP_,_OSI_,_AppleTalk_Ԁand_IPX_.Withinthe_RFCs_ԀforSNMParedefinedtheTrapmechanicsandsomebasictraps.TheyalsodefinesomeMIB_information.____     WhatisaMIB?   ManagementInformationBase_(MIB),avirtualinformationstore.AMIBis,ascommonlyseen,afilethatcontainsdefinitionsofwhatinformationisavailablefromanagent.TheMIBcouldbeapublicone,suchatthe_RFC1156_ԀMIB,oraprivate_CISCO_ԀMIB.WhatdistingushedthedifferenttypesofMIBsarewhodefinesthem,andthuswheretheyareintheMIBhierarchy.TheMIBhierarchycontainsallinformationthatisavailableviaSNMP.Itisconceptuallyatreelikestructurethatallinformationisreferencedthrough.PublicMIBcanbeeasiertouse,andfindoutwhatisavailableinthem,althoughprivateMIBsoftencontainmoreandvendorspecificinformation._Public_ԀMinIBsaredefinedvia_RFCs_.      __ Versionsof_SMI_   (  3G_SMIv1_ 󀄀 bD  _SMIv2_ 󀄀 dF  # 3G  (#VersionsofSNMP  (  3G    @  @` _SNMPv1_ -originalprotocolwithcommunitybasedsecurity    @  @` SNMPv2c -SNMPVersion2withcommunitybasedsecurity    @  @` _SNMPv2p_ -SNMPVersion2partybasedsecurity   @  @` _SNMPv2u_ -SNMPVersion2userbasedsecurity    @  @` _SNMPv2star_ -SNMPVersion2withallsecurityvariantsincluded    @  @` _SNMPv3_ -SNMPVersion3,mostrecent# 3G  (~#    VersionsofMIB  @"  (  3G _MIBv1_ 󀄀 f  _MIBv2_ 󀄀# 3G  (#_  h  AgentQuery_Example_     &  3G&XpQX& MIBFragment__Ԅ___ _  Ѐ_RFC1156_-MIBDEFINITIONS::=BEGIǸIMPORTS̀mgmt,_NetworkAddress_,_IpAddress_,̀Counter,Gauge,_TimeTicks_̀FROM_RFC1155_-_SMI_̀OBJECT-TYPÈFROM_RFC_-1212;̀_mib_ԀOBJECTIDENTIFIER::={mgmt1}̀systemOBJECTIDENTIFIER::={_mib_Ԁ1}̀interfacesOBJECTIDENTIFIER::={_mib_Ԁ2}̀atOBJECTIDENTIFIER::={_mib_Ԁ3}̀_ip_ԀOBJECTIDENTIFIER::={_mib_Ԁ4}̀_icmp_ԀOBJECTIDENTIFIER::={_mib_Ԁ5}̀_tcp_ԀOBJECTIDENTIFIER::={_mib_Ԁ6}̀_udp_ԀOBJECTIDENTIFIER::={_mib_Ԁ7}̀_egp_ԀOBJECTIDENTIFIER::={_mib_Ԁ8}̀_--_Ԁobjecttypes̀_--_ԀtheSystemgroup̀_sysDescr_ԀOBJECT-TYPÈSYNTAXOCTETSTRING̀ACCESSread-onlỳSTATUSmandatorỳ::={system1}_Ԁ_sysObjectID_ԀOBJECT-TYPE  ! ЀSYNTAXOBJECTIDENTIFIER̀ACCESSread-onlỳSTATUSmandatorỳ::={system2}̀_sysUpTime_ԀOBJECT-TYPÈSYNTAX_TimeTicks_̀ACCESSread-onlỳSTATUSmandatorỳ::={system3}̀_--_ԀtheInterfacesgroup̀_ifNumber_ԀOBJECT-TYPÈSYNTAXINTEGER̀ACCESSread-onlỳSTATUSmandatorỳ::={interfaces1} ExampleQuery   $_snmpget_Ԁ__arouter____._mynet_.net_netco_Ԁ.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0system._sysDescr_.0=_Cisco_Ԁ_Internetwork_ԀOperatingSystemSoftware_IOS_Ԁ(_tm_)_GS_ԀSoftware(_RSP_-_PV_-M),Version11.1(22)CC,EARLYDEPLOYMENTRELEASESOFTWARE(_fc1_)_V111__22_CC_THROTTLE_BRANCHSyncedtomainlineversion:11.1(22)CACopyright_(c)_Ԁ1986-1998by_cisco_ԀSystems,Inc.$#&X&XpQP#&s& nP #&&s### 3G &1#   _        SNMPUses   $  MonitorNetworkNotificationofimportanteventsonthenetworkviaTrapsDatacollectionfrom,via_RMON_ԀMIBThresholdmonitorofNetworkviadatacollectionandTraps$      SNMP_v3_SNMPversion3willcombinethedifferentversionsofsecuritythatevolvedoutofcommitteedifferencesabout_SNMPv2_.  r T _ Furture_ԀofSNMP   SomethingsIwouldliketoseeFasterresponsetimesOptiontouserreliabletransportMorerobustMovementto_CMIP_ԀorotheradvancedManagementPlatformM_Better_ԀCcompliance  N0   SomeDefinitions     XMIB (ManagementInformationBase) (  3Garespecificationscontainingdefinitionsof  managementinformationsothatanetworkedsystemcanberemotelymonitored,configured,andcontrolled.# 3G  ((#    Agent 󀄀 (  3GApplication,orsomevariantof,thatrunsonadeviceandcancommunicateoverthe   networkwithSNMP.Isabletoreceivemessages,sendrepliesandgeneratetraps.# 3G  ()# 2   ManagementStation 󀄀 (  3GAcomputerthatisrunningtheManagementApplication,thisnode(and 3 application)couldalsobemanaged.# 3G  (*# xZ   ManagementApplication 󀄀 (  3GAprogramthatisabletocommunicatetoagentsviaSNMPover y[  thenetwork.Thisapplicationshouldalsobeabletoreceivetrapsattime.# 3G  (+#    ManagedNode 󀄀 (  3GAdeviceonthenetworkthatisrunninganAgent.# 3G  (,#    ITEF (InternetEngineeringTaskForce) (  3GTheorganizationthatcreatestandardsforthe   internetsuiteofprotocols.# 3G  (-# I+   TRAP or Event 󀄀 (  3GAmessagesenttoaManagementStationtoinformitoftheoccurrenceof J, somepredefined.# 3G  (.# q  RMON (RemoteMonitoring) (  3GRemoteprobespecificationusedtomonitorthetraffic,typeof r trafficeanderroronthenetwork.RMONwillgatherthe# 3G  (e/# (  3Gstaticisticsandstorethem,SNMPis  usedtoretrievethestatistics.# 3G  (40#     _ SNMP_ԀRFCs   SNMPv1 bD    RFC1089 -SNMPoverEthernet   RFC1140 -IABOfficialProtocolStandards    RFC1147 -ToolsforMonitoringandDebuggingTCP/IPInternetsand 0  InterconnectedDevices[supercededbyRFC1470] RFC1155 -StructureandIdentificationofManagementInformationforTCP/IP   basedinternets. RFC1156 (H)-ManagementInformationBaseNetworkManagementofTCP/IP B$  basedinternets RFC1157 -ASimpleNetworkManagmentProtocol    RFC1158 -ManagementInformationBaseNetworkManagementofTCP/IP   basedinternets:MIB-II RFC1161 (H)-SNMPoverOSI {   RFC1187 -BulkTableRetrievalwiththeSNMP   RFC1212 -ConciseMIBDefinitions #  RFC1213 -ManagementInformationBaseforNetworkManagementof hJ TCP/IP-basedinternets:MIB-II RFC1215 (I)-AConventionforDefiningTrapsforusewiththeSNMP   RFC1224 -TechniquesforManagingAsynchronously-GeneratedAlerts 6  RFC1270 (I)-SNMPCommunicationServices {]  RFC1303 (I)-AConventionforDescribingSNMP-basedAgents   RFC1470 (I)-ANetworkManagementToolCatalog cE  RFC1298 -SNMPoverIPX(obsolete,seeRFC1420)   RFC1418 -SNMPoverOSI    RFC1419 -SNMPoverAppleTalk 2   RFC1420 -SNMPoverIPX(replacesRFC1298) w Y f1SNMPv2    SNMPResources   Books bD    (  3GTheSimpleBook:(SecondEdition)   MarshallT.RoseISBN0-13-177254-6   SNMP,SNMPv2,SNMPv3,andRMON1and2,ThirdEditionWilliamStallingsAddisonWesley,1999,ISBN0-201-48534-6   UnderstandSNMPMIBsDavidPerkins,EvansMcGinnisPrentieceHallPTRISBN0134377077_    Snmp,_Snmpv2_,_Snmpv3_Ԁand_Rmon_Ԁ1and2̀William_Stallings_̀Addison-Wesley,Hardcover,3rdedition,PublishedJanuary1999,620pages,_snmp___rmon3_,ISBN020148534# 3G  ( 9#_    SNMPResources   WorldWideWeb bD   comp.protocols.snmpFAQ4 $O  5  www.snmp.com/FAQs6|=O=  7 &=    .  RFCs4 VO  5  www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/rfc6k>O>  7 #> r T    IntroductionaboutSNMP4 O  5  www.inforamp.net/~kjvallit/t/snmp.html6r?O?  7 x*?   >  Agoodoverview4 }O  5  www.ddri.com/Doc6w@O@  7 :#@ d     GoodSNMPInfo/Articles4# O  5  www.simpletimes.org6tAOA  7 7&A     N0   t      SNMPApplications   ManagementPlatforms bD   HPOpenView4 O  5  www.openview.hp.com6BOC  7 $AC    .  IBMTivoli4$ O  5  www.tivoli.com6COD  7 0D r T    CAUniCenter4% O  5  www.cai.com/unicenter/6DOD  7 $$E   >    d   SNMPApplications   CommercialTools D   _ NetCool_ ԀOmnibus P  _ Veritas_ Ԁ_ NerveCenter_    _ Desktalk_ ԀTrend/_ TrendWeb_  `    d   SNMPApplications  @ Free/GNUTools D   _ Cheapos_ ԀA Network_ Neightborhood_  P  _ MRTG_ ԀTooltomonitorandmakeprettygraphs   _ GxSNMP_ Ԁ_ MIB_ Ԁbrowser,StrivestobeaGNUSNMP_ Managment_ ԀToolforGNOME_ Desktop%  _